TIKTOK is a seven-year-old proprietary social media and video sharing software, available worldwide in English and Chinese, that is particularly popular with young people who like to make super-short videos of themselves, often doing silly, superficial things like giggling and dancing.
It is owned by Chinese mega-biz, ByteDance, and by founders/Chinese investors (20%), other global investors (60%), and employees (20%), according to Politico. It was the brainchild of Chinese developer, Zhang Yiming, incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and is based in Singapore and Los Angeles. Its C.E.O., Shou Chew, is from Singapore and studied economics at the University College London. The operating system is macOS. It began using Oracle servers based in the U.S. in 2022.
Cloudflare designated TikTok the most popular website in 2021, surpassing ubiquitous Google. Some 170 million Americans use it. TikTok was expected to approach $15 billion in advertising revenue in 2023, thanks to major advertisers such as Pepsi, Amazon, and Apple, among many others. It is a huge money-maker!
TikTok is also highly controversial. So much, in fact, it has been the subject of lengthy debate in the U.S. House of Representatives. And on Wednesday, the House overwhelmingly passed a piece of legislation called ‘The Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act,’ in direct response to TikTok’s growing popularity and its perceived threats. (Read the bill here.)
The bill calls for China’s conglomerate, ByteDance, to divest itself of TikTok lest it be banned in the United States. It heads to the Senate, where it faces an uncertain future. (Biden is sure to sign off on it if it reaches his desk, assuming he remembers his name. Trump has since changed his mind, after being reeducated on this issue by Vivek Ramaswamy, and would not.)
The demand for divestiture wouldn’t be remarkable if it were an American corporation since it would fall squarely into government authority in antitrust matters. It’s remarkable insofar as the U.S. purports to be capitalistic, support free-trade, and be open to entrepreneurial ventures, but has backtracked when it comes to TikTok.
Could TikTok be banned? Perhaps, if the bill becomes law and potential judicial remedies are unsuccessful. One supposes, and hopes it would be banned if at all on antitrust rather than national security grounds, but the U.S. loves to impute national security to anything it wants to control, no matter how tenuous its claim may be, so who knows. Meanwhile, a potential buyer may be free-speech platform, Rumble, a fav of conservatives too often banned elsewhere.
TikTok is controversial for several reasons. First, it has links to the Chinese government (with so-called ‘golden shares’). Second, its content is questionable in terms of accuracy and appropriateness. Third, its privacy practices are suspect. Fourth, it is considered by some to be a national security danger. Those who like TikTok say it’s fun, and to take it away is to abridge their First Amendment rights. None of these assertions are altogether true—it’s just binary thinking not uncommon in the 2020s (except when it concerns sexuality for some reason).
Links to C.P.P.Make no mistake about it. I am no apologist for Red China or the C.P.P. in any fashion whatsoever. I consider China to be America’s most formidable and potentially dangerous enemy, posing an existential threat to our cherished way of life. For over a decade, I have emphasized the dangers China poses to the U.S., believing it to be vastly underestimated by Washington, which prefers to demonize Russia, which, IMO, ordinarily poses little or no threat to us. My dislike and distrust of China cannot be overstated.
That said, like it or not, we live in a global digital universe, and as such, have to learn to live in that reality. That TikTok has ties to the C.P.P. is neither surprising, nor is it, in and of itself, dangerous. Perhaps embedded in its code somewhere, there is spyware so that Chinese officials can get a glimpse of American, and other youth worldwide, dancing foolishly to catchy ditties, but so what?
Yes, China may be happy our youth are too preoccupied with their stupid little videos to want to wage war on the C.C.P., and may even respond favorably to messaging that suggests it should be their party of choice. So what? It’s really catnip for today’s cool cats. If we’re concerned about the TikTok app being installed on sensitive equipment, e.g., government- or corporate-issued cellphones, or devices used in education or research, wouldn’t a simple proscription against such installs suffice? I think so.
Questionable Content. I highly doubt anyone is using TikTok as a news source or authority for making any of life’s critical decisions. Okay, I thought the same thing about Facebook and Twitter, too, and look what happened, but even if people used the app in such a way, it’s not materially different from Facebook or X.
Yes, one is Chinese, and the other two are not, but if you are to believe the U.S. government, the American analogues of TikTok are more culpable for mis-, dis-, and mal-information (whatever they are) than their Chinese counterpart. We know this for a fact because of recent revelations about how the U.S. government, in its ultimate wisdom, felt it necessary to severely censor them on vital matters involving, for example, Covid-19, the 2020 election, and the military action in Ukraine. (See e.g., The Twitter Files.)
Privacy Concerns. Spyware is one thing, but it’s quite ubiquitous, particularly in social media, not just TikTok. But this doesn’t seem to be the focus of the privacy arguments. Instead, it seems to focus more on user’s mental health after using the site: from observing disturbing behavior of others, being teased or bullied by others, or being induced to do something inadvisable, embarrassing, or dangerous. Again, these are risks evident in all social media apps. Would the C.P.P. have any interest in endangering the youth of other nations in such ways? Probably. The solution to that possibility is parental involvement and education, not divestiture or banning.
National Security Dangers. Yes, it’s possible spyware or other malware could surreptitiously disclose sensitive, privileged, or classified information that could harm national security, or accounts could be hacked, but again, the least restrictive means of dealing with that risk is to prevent the app from government or other sensitive equipment. Banning it might help, but how divestiture would mitigate any damage is opaque. It’s definitely a valid concern, I guess, claiming no expertise in the matter.
Absent undisclosed information the government has showing TikTok poses some other uncontemplated dangers, I doubt the validity of the claim. Cybersecurity is of crucial importance, and I concede spyware or other types of malware could cause serious concerns for governments and businesses, and I certainly don’t want to minimize that fact, but the least restrictive means of mitigating such risks is to not install risky apps on government or business phones. TikTok isn’t meant for those users, anyway.
Those whose opinions I respect on this matter include Ramek Ramaswamy, Elon Musk, and Glenn Greenwald. I will synopsize those shortly. It sounds as though Donald Trump has seriously considered these men’s opinions, too. I will address these positions shortly.